To enhance a building's energy efficiency and reduce overall consumption, it is vital to assess how energy is distributed throughout the structure. According to a 2018 study by the Building and Construction Authority (BCA), key contributors to a building's energy use include mechanical systems such as heating, ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC), lighting, and vertical transportation systems. Notably, cooling systems can account for up to 60% of a building's total energy consumption, while ventilation typically makes up around 10%.
HVAC systems utilize various types of equipment, including pumps and fans. Fans alone can consume up to 35% of the energy used within the HVAC system. Therefore, enhancing the energy efficiency of HVAC systems is essential for reducing a building’s total energy consumption.
Building systems like air handling units (AHUs), condensers, cooling towers, and fan coil units work together to maintain cooling and ventilation. A common element in these systems is the use of fans for air circulation. In older buildings in Singapore, many of these fans operate with Alternating Current (AC) motors, which were previously the industry standard. A highly effective strategy to reduce energy usage in these systems is to replace traditional AC fans with more efficient Electronically Commutated (EC) fans.
Sources: BCA and NCCS